Illocutionary Act in ABC new Interview with Meghan Markle and Prince Harry: A Pragmatic Study

This research discusses about the form of ilocution act of speech in ABC news interview with Meghan Markle and Prince Harry. This research is amied to describe the form of ilocution act of speech in ABC new interview with Meghan Markle and Prince Harry regarding their engagement moment. The data of this research is the utterance between the interviewer, Meghan Markle and Prince Harry in ABC news interview. This research uses descriptive-qualitative research because this research contains the performed utterances in ABC news interview. The instrument used in this research is the own researcher whose armed with sense of pragmatic study, that is the speech act. In the result of this research, the directive of begging, requesting, inquiring and offering, the commissive of promising, the expressive of thanking, greeting and praising, the declarative of naming and deciding, The representative of asserting and refusing were found in the data. The representative of asserting was frequently used in the data, while the commissive of promising was the least one. Keyword: illocutionary act, ABC news interview with Meghan Markle and Prince Harry, pragmatic study. JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND TEACHING Vol. 1 No. 2, August 2019, pp. 7 21 Available online at: http://www.jllte.stbapia.ac.id 8 INTRODUCTION The study of language is linguistics. One branch of linguistics is pragmatics. Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between linguistic forms and the use of those forms (Yule, 2006: 3). One of the pragmatic study is speech act. Speech act is a pragmatic phenomenon that deals with the actions of speakers which are shown through the utterance. Yule (2006: 82−84) says that speech act is an action that is displayed through the utterance. The action displayed by generating an utterance that will contain the three interconnected actions, namely locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary speech act. This research focused on illocutionary speech act in Meghan Markle’s utterances in the interview about her engagement with British princes, Prince Harry on ABC news in November 2017. The utterances of Meghan Markle and Prince Harry in ABC new Interview are chosen to be analyzed based on illocutionary act since Meghan Markle and Prince Harry 's figure caused pro and contra because of Meghan Markle’s status from an ordinary family, unexpectedly turned into a member of the British royal family. In this interview, the utterances uttered by interviewer, Meghan Markle and Prince Harry contained of illocutionary speech act. Meghan Markle herself is known as the meaning of the United States that plays the character Rachel Zane in Suits, US television drama. In this interview, the utterances uttered by interviewer, Meghan Markle and Prince Harry contained of illocutionary speech act. This reseacrh uses the speech act theory in pragmatic study. The selection of pragmatics as a theoretical basis is based on the reason that pragmatics is a branch of language science that studies the structure of language externally, namely how the linguistic unit is used in communication (Wijaya, 2008:4). The selection of speech act theory itself because the use of language as a medium for interacting the speakers is contained in the ABC news interview which contains illocutionary speech act.Concerning with illocutionary acts, Searle (1979:8) divides JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND TEACHING Vol. 1 No. 2, August 2019, pp. 7 21 Available online at: http://www.jllte.stbapia.ac.id 9 illocutionary acts into five types, namely representative, declarative, commissive, directive and expressive. Representatives Yule states that representative is state what the speaker believes to be the case or not (Yule, 1996:53). The act of representative is to assert what the speaker’s belief, to assert a fact, to describe a certain condition in past or present and to give information to the listeners. Then, according to Searle (1979:8), representative is we tell people how things are and divided into asserting, mentioning, submitting, refusing, and recognizing. Declaratives Yule (1996:53) states that declarative is the speaker has to have a special institutional role, in a specific context, in order to perform a declaration appropriately. Declaratives bring about a changing. Leech (1983:179) states there are conventions among community then they declare something such as naming and deciding. Commissive Yule (1996:53) states that Commissives are acts which commit the speaker to some future course of action. It expresses the speaker's intention and belief that his utterance obligates him to do something. Commissives ca be in the form of promising. Directives Yule (1996:54) states that directive is the kind of speech acts that the speaker uses to get someone else to do something which is essentially commands. The speaker tries to get the listener to act in such a way or to do a future action according to the intention of the speaker. According to Searle (1979:27), directives of these consists in the fact that they are attempts (of varying degrees, and hence, more precisely, they are determinates of the determinable which includes attempting) by the speaker to get the listener to do something such as begging, requesting, inquiring, warning, advising, calling, and offering. Expressives JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND TEACHING Vol. 1 No. 2, August 2019, pp. 7 21 Available online at: http://www.jllte.stbapia.ac.id 10 Yule (1996:53) states that expressive is state what the speaker feels. According to Searle (1979:29) this class is to express the psychological state specified in the sincerity condition about a state of affairs specified in the propositional content. In this act, the words of the speaker based on the psychological and the speaker is also responsible for the action. Thus, Expressive is speech acts that express the speaker's gesture body and emotions towards the proposition. Based on the background described above, the formulation of the problem in this study is how are the forms of illocutionary speech act at Meghan Markle's utterances in the interview about her engagement with Prince Harry on ABC news. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms of illocutionary speech act at Meghan Markle's utterances in the interview about her engagement with Prince Harry on ABC news. METHOD The research used the qualitative methods in analyzing Meghan Markle’s utterances in ABC news interview about her engagement with Prince Harry and the documentation study research to collect the data. Sugiyono (2012: 329) stated that documents are records of past events in the form of writing, images, or monumental works from someone. There are 127 utterances in the interview. Types of illocutionary acts were classified based on Searle’s theory.In analyzing the data, the research usedfour linked processes by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), they are data collection, data condensation, data display, andconclusion drawing. RESULT The data description is in the form of Meghan Markle's utterances in ABC news interview.Through analysis of Meghan Markle’s utterances in ABC news interview, the representative, declarative, expressive, commissive and directive were used. No Illocutionary Act Total JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND TEACHING Vol. 1 No. 2, August 2019, pp. 7 21 Available online at: http://www.jllte.stbapia.ac.id 11 1 Representative Asserting 45 55 Refusing 10 2 Declarative Naming 2 3 Deciding 1 3 Expressive Praising 15 Greeting 1 18 Thanking 2 4 Commissive Promising 1 1 5 Directive Begging 3 Requesting 1 31 Inquiring 26 Offering 1 108 a. Representative Representative is kind of illocutionary act that commit the speaker believe about something the truth or not. The acts of this classification can be asserting, refusing, and recognizing.  Assertive Int : That has to be a good sign. Speaking of dogs, have you brought yours to the UK? JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND TEACHING Vol. 1 No. 2, August 2019, pp. 7 21 Available online at: http://www.jllte.stbapia.ac.id 12 MM : Well I have two dogs that I've had for quite a long time, both my rescue pups. And one is now staying with very close friends and my other little guy is yes he's in the UK, he's been here for a


INTRODUCTION
The study of language is linguistics. One branch of linguistics is pragmatics.
Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between linguistic forms and the use of those forms (Yule, 2006: 3). One of the pragmatic study is speech act. Speech act is a pragmatic phenomenon that deals with the actions of speakers which are shown through the utterance. Yule (2006: 82−84) says that speech act is an action that is displayed through the utterance. The action displayed by generating an utterance that will contain the three interconnected actions, namely locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary speech act. In this interview, the utterances uttered by interviewer, Meghan Markle and Prince Harry contained of illocutionary speech act. This reseacrh uses the speech act theory in pragmatic study. The selection of pragmatics as a theoretical basis is based on the reason that pragmatics is a branch of language science that studies the structure of language externally, namely how the linguistic unit is used in communication (Wijaya, 2008:4). The selection of speech act theory itself because the use of language as a medium for interacting the speakers is contained in the ABC news interview which contains illocutionary speech act.Concerning with illocutionary acts, Searle (1979:8) divides Yule (1996:53) states that expressive is state what the speaker feels. According to Searle (1979:29) this class is to express the psychological state specified in the sincerity condition about a state of affairs specified in the propositional content. In this act, the words of the speaker based on the psychological and the speaker is also responsible for the action. Thus, Expressive is speech acts that express the speaker's gesture body and emotions towards the proposition. Based on the background described above, the formulation of the problem in this study is how are the forms of illocutionary speech act at Meghan Markle's utterances in the interview about her engagement with Prince Harry on ABC news. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms of illocutionary speech act at Meghan Markle's utterances in the interview about her engagement with Prince Harry on ABC news.

METHOD
The research used the qualitative methods in analyzing Meghan Markle's utterances in ABC news interview about her engagement with Prince Harry and the documentation study research to collect the data. Sugiyono (2012: 329) stated that documents are records of past events in the form of writing, images, or monumental works from someone. There are 127 utterances in the interview. Types of illocutionary acts were classified based on Searle's theory.In analyzing the data, the research usedfour linked processes by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), they are data collection, data condensation, data display, andconclusion drawing.

RESULT
The data description is in the form of Meghan Markle's utterances in ABC news interview.Through analysis of Meghan Markle's utterances in ABC news interview, the representative, declarative, expressive, commissive and directive were used.

No
Illocutionary Act Total with her in the UK or not. Then, Megha Markle conveys the statement that her two dogs did not live with her anymore because her close friend had adopted one of her dogs and the other would soon leave UK. The act that performed in this illocutionary act is asserting.
Meghan Markle asserts to the interviewer.

 Refusing
The representativeof refusing is the rejection to state that the information was incorrect to say. The following data through the refusing in ABC news interview with type of person like that because everyone treated her well. Meghan also admitted that there were many opinions from people who valued her relationship with the royal family, but actually they were very kind to her.

Int
: How did you first meet?
PH : Ah yes, we first met -we were introduced actually by a mutual friend, who -we will ...

MM : We should protect her privacy and not reveal too much of that.
(#Data 25) Representative 9 -Refusing 2 PH : We'll protect her privacy yeah. And -but it was -it was literallyit was through her and then we met once and then twice back to back two dates in London, last July. Harry refused to give their mutual friend's identity to protect the privacy. In #Data 60, the interviewer's utterance performs the declarative of naming. The interviewer says that Meghan Markle is an actrees because she did acting. The interviewer also says that Meghan Markle is the ambassador for U.N woman.

 Deciding
The declarative of deciding is a resolution in the mind as result of consideration.
The following data through the deciding in ABC news interview with Meghan Markle and

(#Data 66) Declarative 3 -Deciding 1
In #Data 66, Meghan Markle's utterance performs illocutionary of declarative of deciding. Meghan Markle said that she had worked hard so far in the entertainment world that had passed hundreds of episodes in her work. Now, Meghan has to deal with a job that is not easy as well as the princess who accompanies the prince, but she is sure to be able to live it because this is not the first time to go through hard work. She decided to become a partner with Prince Harry in going through the hard work.

c. Expressive
Expressive illocutionary speech act is expressed by pleasure, disappointment, likes, dislikes, and so on. This speech act states what the speaker feels. It can be found in the act of thanking, greeting and praising.

 Thanking
The expressive of thanking means give express gratitude to someone, especially say thank you. The following data through the begging in ABC news interview with Meghan Markle

(Data 104) Expressive 10 -Praising 9
In #Data 104, Prince Harry's utterance performs expressive of praising. Not only Meghan praised the royal family, but also Prince Harry did. he praised his father and brother, Prince Willian, who always gave him support for his relationship with Meghan Markle.

d. Commissive
Commissive illocutionary is the speakers use to commit themselves to some future action. This act which the speaker uses themselves get the purpose of their words. In #Data124, the utterance of Price Harry (PH) performs directive of begging.

JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND TEACHING
Prince Harry begs to his deceased mother, Princess Diana, to also feel the happiness he felt after choosing Meghan as his life companion. The directive of begging also applies to Meghan's utterance in #Data 125 who hoped that Princess Diana would know this news because she was always close to them. Then, The directive of begging is also followed by Prince Harry's utterance in #Data 126 by expressing his hope with confidence for his mother who has never been far away from him until now even though she is no longer alive.

 Requesting
The directive of requesting for a reason explanation of an action is a request by speaker (Searle, 2001:95 about their proposal and engagement. The interviewer starts to ask them regarding the time and process of that moment.

 Inquiring
The directive of inquiring is consisting an asking, investigation, ask some information and others. The following data through the requesting in ABC news interview with Meghan Markle and Prince Harry:

Int
: And this is how long after you first met?

(#Data 17)Directive 3 -Inquiring 2
In #Data 17, the interviewer's utterance performs directive of inquiring. The interviewer asks the information regarding their relationship that has been established that the public does not yet know.

 Offering
The directive of offering is when people ask an offering. The following data through the offering in ABC news interview with Meghan Markle and Prince Harry:

Int
: Okay, let's hope he adjusts well.

(#Data 99) Directive 25 -Offering 1
In #Data 99, the interview's utterance performs directive of offering. In this context, the interviewer offered the pray to Meghan Markle so that Prince Harry would